An active technique for power saving in WSN under additive white gaussian noise channel

The work with feature of self-power supply by solar cell or by the battery or together at the same time. Therefore, the power dissipation is the big problem in wireless sensor network (WSN) especially when it is works for long time. The efficient method for reducing the power consumption within working is needed. The process of reducing waste power is one of the top priorities of scientists and designers of wireless sensor networks. The aim of this paper is to find the dominant method to reduce the power consumption in the wireless sensor network in order to stay works for long time and maintain the links with other nodes without loss of connection and transfer the information correctly. In this paper, a modified method was invented to minimize power utilization per data bit in a connection. This new method depends on the optimization process for reducing the power consumption as low as possible. All the tests of simulation process were done in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Numerical results demonstrated that the new method reduce the power when different values of noise are present with different types of modulation. Also the distance that the WSN will reach the information to it will be increase with presence of various noise amounts with different types of modulation. As a result, the power was decreased and the signal was reach more distance

A smart voltage and current monitoring system for three phase inverters using an android smartphone application

In this paper, a new smart voltage and current monitoring system (SVCMS) technique is proposed. It monitors a three phase electrical system using an Arduino platform as a microcontroller to read the voltage and current from sensors and then wirelessly send the measured data to monitor the results using a new Android application. The integrated SVCMS design uses an Arduino Nano V3.0 as the microcontroller to measure the results from three voltage and three current sensors and then send this data, after calculation, to the Android smartphone device of an end user using Bluetooth HC-05. The Arduino Nano V3.0 controller and Bluetooth HC-05 are a cheap microcontroller and wireless device, respectively. The new Android smartphone application that monitors the voltage and current measurements uses the open source MIT App Inventor 2 software. It allows for monitoring some elementary fundamental voltage power quality properties. An effort has been made to investigate what is possible using available off-the-shelf components and open source software

Monitoring and controlling the speed and direction of a DC motor through FPGA and comparison of FPGA for speed and performance optimization

We are living in the 21st century, an era of acquiring necessity in one click. As we, all know that technology is continuously reviving to stay ahead of advancements taking place in this world of making things easier for mankind. Technology has been putting his part in introducing different projects as we have used the field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) development board of low cost and programmable logic done by the new evolvable cyclone software is optimized for specific energy based on Altera Cyclone II (EP2C5T144) through which we can control the speed of any electronic device or any Motor Control IP product targeted for the fan and pump. Altera Cyclone FPGAs’ is a board through which we can monitor the speed and direction of the DC motor. As we know how to make understand, dynamic analog input using an A-to-D convertor and we know how to create pulse width modulation (PWM) output with FPGA. Therefore, by combining these two functions we can create an FPGA DC motor controller. Our paper is divided into three parts: First, all of us will attempt to imitate the issue and can try to look for its answer. Secondly, we will try to verify the solution for real-time. In addition, in the last step, we will verify the solution on the real-time measurements

A smart distance power electronic measurement using smartphone applications

The objectives of this article were to design a low-cost three-phase AC voltage measurement circuit and new Android smartphone application to monitor the measuring voltage from a safe distance. The smart distance power electronic measurement (SDPEM) system was designed based on an Arduino UNO R3 board used as a microcontroller to read and calculate the RMS values from a three-phase AC voltage measurement circuit (line-to-line or phase voltage of grid). Following this, the microcontroller sends the measuring data by Bluetooth to an Android smartphone application. The Bluetooth shield V2.0 was used as a wireless communication instrument between the SDPEM and the smartphone or tablet application. The smartphone monitoring application was a new application designed by the open-source developed program (MIT App Inventor 2) to monitor the three-phase AC voltage results from a safe distance. The safe distance depends on the type of Bluetooth device used. The main advantages of the SDPEM system are low cost and safety

A modified smart controlling and monitoring scheme of three phase photovoltaic inverter rely on LoRa technology

Photovoltaics is the core of the greatest current system that using solar energy and it is regarded as the basic of sustainable engineering techniques. It is the method of exchanging daylight straightly to electricity power. The LoRa communication technology is a far-range, economic-power, small rate of bit technology. It is sponsored as a basic settling for the Internet of Things (IOT). This technology is applied where equipment is battery-feed with narrow bandwidth was required. In this manuscript, a novel method that depends on the LoRa technology is considered to observes and governs the power generated from a three-phase Photovoltaics inverter scheme that fed to grid directly. This scheme is designed with dual parts. The first one is for evaluating and control invertor part. This part attaches straight through the inverter to recognize the working of the inverter by changing the state of inverter from far spaces. The second part which is uses the liquid crystal display and a smart-phone observing application. The phone program is prepared using MIT App Inventor to observe and govern the entire scheme. The results show that this system is robust against the circumstances around the system and gives accurate results with minimum error when using in urban lands. The benefit of this system is to monitor and control the photovoltaic system located in remote place without need of attend to generating place

An open-source non-contact thermometer using low-cost electronic components

Due to the spread of COVID-19 across the world and the increased need for non-contact thermometers to prevent the spread of disease, a new electronic thermometer has been designed and implemented for measuring human body temperature from a distance. This device is currently in use at building entrances to measure the body temperatures of employees, students, and customers. This system is designed using low-cost easy-toassemble open-source electronic components. The system consists of seven main parts: an Arduino UNO microcontroller, an infrared (IR) thermometer for non-contact temperature measurements (GY-906 MLX90614ESF module), an IR motion sensor (TCRT 5000) for the purpose of contactless initiation of the system, a graphic LCD to display results, a DS3231 clock module for a real-time clock and calendar, and a micro-SD storage board to store device audio instructions. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Comparative Study in Performance for Subcarrier Mapping in Uplink 4G-LTE under Different Channel Cases

Abstract—in recent years, wireless communication has experienced a rapid growth and it promises to become a globally important infrastructure. One common design approach in fourth generation 4G systems is Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). It is a single carrier communication technique on the air interface. It has become broadly accepted mainly because of its high resistance to frequency selective fading channels. The third Generation Partnership Project-Long Term Evolution (3GPP-LTE) uses this technique in uplink direction because of its lower peak to average power ratio PAPR as compared to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) that is used for downlink direction. In this paper the LTE in general and SCFDMA will be discuss in details and its performance will be study under two types of subcarrier mapping which are localized and distributed mode also within different channel cases. The results show that the localized subcarrier mapping give lower bit error rate BER than the distributed mode and give different activity under miscellaneous channel cases. Keywords—LTE; SCFDMA; 4G; PAPR; BER; channel model I

Efficient RTS and CTS Mechanism Which Save Time and System Resources

It is a well-known fact that the forthcoming names are distinctively different: interference range, career sense, and transmission. The given paper reveals the underlying study of disengagement of a request to send (RTS)/ clear to send (CTS) dialog. It was basically adopted under the influence of both; the presence of distributed coordination function of IEEE 802.11 and a sub-layer protocol which is called media access control (MAC) protocol. The demonstration was seen when applying a type of traffic flows such as Constant Bit Rate (CBR), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and besides User Datagram Protocol (UDP). When these are applied the output performance in term of throughput shows a very linear topology configuration of the network. To sum up, a new RTS /CTS mechanism was proposed based on the results obtained from the above suggestions. The detailing for the new mechanism showed that a terminal node will be responsible for deciding if it is authorized to use an RTS/CTS protocol dialog to send one of its packets or not. Needless to say, this process will be dynamic in nature

Medical Image Encryption: A Comprehensive Review

In medical information systems, image data can be considered crucial information. As imaging technology and methods for analyzing medical images advance, there will be a greater wealth of data available for study. Hence, protecting those images is essential. Image encryption methods are crucial in multimedia applications for ensuring the security and authenticity of digital images. Recently, the encryption of medical images has garnered significant attention from academics due to concerns about the safety of medical communication. Advanced approaches, such as e-health, smart health, and telemedicine applications, are employed in the medical profession. This has highlighted the issue that medical images are often produced and shared online, necessitating protection against unauthorized use